ll contributo è stato sottoposto a peer-review anonima da un revisore selezionato dalla Direzione della collana. Ricevuto il 22/10/2025; accettato il 31/10/2025; pubblicato il 05/11/2025.

Taking into account the recent case law of the Italian Supreme Court, the essay critically examines the sanctions related to the unlawful use of on-call work in order to evaluate their compliance with the provisions established by EU Directive No. 1152/2019. To this aim, the contribution offer, also from a historical perspective, an analysis of the legal framework governing on-call employment, the conditions for its application, as well as the cases where its use is prohibited.