After revisiting significant moments in recent history of industrial relations at Fiat, the author examines the potential transformation of the whole industrial relations system in Italy caused by the globalisation and the economic crisis and linked specifically to the Sergio Marchionne (Fiat CEO) strategy. In this scenario, the author then deeply considers the role of case law and the role of social partners at national and company level. Finally the author considers the role of the national legislator, focusing on serious doubts about the article 8 (l. n. 148/2011) relating to the article 39 of the Italian Constitution.